South Korea has decided to conditionally delay its earlier plan to terminate a military intelligence-sharing pact with Japan by midnight Friday, following eleventh-hour negotiations with its neighbor, the presidential office said.
“Our government has decided to suspend the expiration under the condition that the GSOMIA could be terminated at any moment, to which the Japanese government showed its understanding,” said Kim You Geun, deputy director of the Blue House’s national security office, at a briefing.
The General Security of Military Information Agreement had been set to lapse at midnight after South Korea announced in August its decision to terminate it in response to Japan’s tightening of export controls.
With the expiration of GSOMIA averted, Japan and South Korea may have stemmed a further worsening of bilateral ties for now. But questions remain over whether the relationship that had hit its lowest point in years will dramatically improve.
Speaking to reporters in Tokyo, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said Seoul had apparently made a “strategic” decision at the last minute.
“It’s extremely important for Japan and South Korea, as well as the United States, to cooperate and coordinate to cope with North Korea. I have repeatedly made that clear,” Abe said at his office. “South Korea is believed to have made its decision (over GSOMIA) from such a strategic point.”
Japanese officials earlier said South Korea had misread the regional security environment in seeking to end GSOMIA, underscoring that security and trade issues should not be linked.
South Korea had also faced U.S. pressure amid concern that trilateral cooperation would be at risk, with the U.S. Congress joining the administration of President Donald Trump in stressing the importance of GSOMIA.
During the briefing in Seoul, Kim said South Korea will suspend its complaint filed against Japan at the World Trade Organization over the latter’s tightening of controls on some materials needed by South Korean manufacturers of semiconductors and display panels.
At a question and answer session following the briefing, an official from South Korea’s presidential office said the suspension of the complaint would remain in force while negotiations between the two countries on export controls are under way.
The official added, however, that the only case for dropping the complaint altogether would be Japan’s withdrawal of the export controls.
(Rallies held in South Korea by those demanding GSOMIA be maintained and those wanting it scrapped)
South Korea filed the complaint in September, viewing Japan’s trade steps as going against the spirit of WTO rules, a claim that Tokyo has denied. Failure to find a solution through bilateral consultations would open the way for the establishment of a dispute settlement panel.
For now, Japan will keep the export controls intact and continue to process each application seeking approval for the export of the targeted materials, the Japanese trade ministry said. South Korea will remain off Japan’s list of preferred trade partners.
The Asian neighbors are expected to try to ease trade tensions through the forthcoming working-level talks.
“We have judged that South Korea is willing to address the outstanding issues related to export controls,” a Japanese trade ministry official said.
The United States had expressed concern over a possible weakening of trilateral security cooperation involving its two allies if GSOMIA were scrapped.
U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo had a phone conversation with his South Korean counterpart Kang Kyung Hwa late Thursday, in which they “pledged to maintain close coordination and reaffirmed the importance of (the Seoul-Tokyo relationship),” according to the State Department.
The U.S. Congress on Thursday joined efforts made by the administration of President Donald Trump to highlight the importance of GSOMIA, passing a resolution saying it is “foundational to Indo-Pacific security and defense, and specifically to countering nuclear and missile threats (from North Korea)”.
Earlier in the day, Japan’s top government spokesman Yoshihide Suga urged South Korea to show prudence.
“We’ve been asking (South Korea) to act sensibly and there’s no change in our stance,” Suga said at a press conference.
(Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe)
The expiry of GSOMIA has been avoided but Japan and South Korea remains at odds over compensation for wartime labor.
Seoul had insisted it would only reconsider its decision if Tokyo first reverses the move, which it views as political retaliation for last year’s South Korean court rulings that ordered Japanese companies to compensate victims of forced labor during Japan’s 1910 to 1945 colonization of the Korean Peninsula.
At a town hall meeting Tuesday, President Moon Jae In said it is difficult to share military information with a country that regards his own as an unreliable security partner.
GSOMIA had been automatically renewed annually since it was signed on Nov. 23, 2016, and was due to be extended unless one of the countries decided to abandon it 90 days prior to its extension.
The relationship between Tokyo and Seoul further deteriorated last December when the South Korean navy allegedly locked its fire-control radar on a Japanese Self-Defense Forces patrol plane.
The following is a list of events related to the General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA), a military intelligence-sharing pact, between Japan and South Korea.
June 29, 2012 — The governments of Japan and South Korea postpone the signing of GSOMIA due to a last-minute request from Seoul amid concern about a public backlash over the strengthening of military cooperation with its former colonial power.
Nov. 1, 2016 — The Japanese and South Korean governments resume negotiations on GSOMIA.
Nov. 23 — The two governments sign GSOMIA that helps them counter North Korean missile threats. It comes into effect the same day.
Oct. 30, 2018 — The Supreme Court of South Korea orders a Japanese firm to pay compensation for wartime labor.
July 4, 2019 — Japan tightens control on technology exports to South Korea, targeting three materials used in the manufacturing of semiconductors and display screens for smartphones and TVs.
Aug. 2 — Japan decides to revoke South Korea’s preferential status as a trade partner for the purchase of goods that can be diverted for military use.
Aug. 22 — South Korea says it will scrap GSOMIA, claiming Japan’s tighter export controls have significantly changed the security cooperation environment between the two countries.
Aug. 23 — Seoul notifies Tokyo of its decision to scrap GSOMIA. Tokyo lodges a strong protest with Seoul.
Nov. 4 — Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and South Korean President Moon Jae In hold a conversation for about 10 minutes on the outskirts of Bangkok ahead of a summit involving leaders of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations plus Japan, China and South Korea.
Nov. 15 — Moon tells visiting U.S. Defense Secretary Mark Esper that it is difficult for Seoul to share military intelligence with Japan following Tokyo’s tighter export controls.
Nov. 17 — Japanese Defense Minister Taro Kono urges his South Korean counterpart Jeong Kyeong Doo in Bangkok to reconsider Seoul’s decision to scrap GSOMIA.
Nov. 19 — Moon says in a televised town hall meeting that he will seek to avoid expiration of GSOMIA until the last moment.
Nov. 21 — South Korea’s National Security Council discusses pending issues with Japan, including ways to deal with “various situations.”
Nov. 22 — South Korea tells Japan it will temporarily extend GSOMIA, hours before its planned expiration at midnight.
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