Myers, N., Muttermeier, R. A., Muttermeier, C. A., da Fonseca, A. B. G. & Kent, J. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403, 853–858 (2000).
Grytnes, J. A. & Vetaas, O. R. Species richness and altitude: A comparison between null models and interpolated plant species richness along the Himalayan altitudinal gradient. Nepal. Am. Nat. 159, 294–304. https://doi.org/10.1086/338542 (2002).
Samant, et al. Medicinal plants in Himachal Pradesh, north western Himalaya, India. Int. J. Biodivers. Sci. Manag. 3, 234–251 (2007).
Kala, C. P., Farooquee, N. A. & Dhar, U. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practice and use value status in Uttaranchal. India. Biol. Conserv. 13, 453–469 (2004).
Bhatt, A., Joshi, S. K. & Gairola, S. Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo-a west Himalayan Orchid in peril. Curr. Sci. 89, 610–612 (2005).
Agarwal, A., Khokhar, D. & Vishwanath., Conservation through in vitro propagation of a critically endangered medicinal plant, Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo. In Wildlife Biodiversity Conservation (ed. Reddy, M. V.) 294–299 (Daya Publishing House, 2008).
Pant, S. & Rinchen, T. Dactylorhiza hatagirea: A high value medicinal orchid. J. Med. Plants Res. 6(19), 3522–3524 (2012).
Singh, L. et al. Population status, threats, and conservation options of the orchid Dactylorhiza hatagirea in Indian Western Himalaya. Reg. Environ. Change 21(2), 1–16 (2021).
Cardinale, B. J. et al. Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature 486(7401), 59–66 (2012).
Sharma, S. et al. Characterization of novel polymorphic microsatellite markers in Dactylorhiza hatagirea: A critically endangered orchid species from western Himalayas. Conserv. Genet. Resour. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-014-0361-y (2014).
Dhiman, N. et al. De novo transcriptome provides insights into the growth behaviour and resveratrol and trans-stilbenes biosynthesis in Dactylorhiza hatagirea – An endangered alpine terrestrial orchid of western Himalaya. Sci. Rep. 9, 13133. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49446-w (2019).
Warghat, A. R. et al. Genetic diversity and population structure of Dactylorhizahatagirea(Orchidaceae) in cold desert Ladakh region of India. J. Med. Plant Res. 6(12), 2388–2395 (2012).
Warghat, A. R. et al. Population genetic structure and conservation of small fragmented locations of Dactylorhizahatagirea in Ladakh region of India. ScientiaHorticulturae 164(2013), 448–454 (2013).
Chauhan R. S. et al. Morphobiochemical variability and selection strategies for the germplasm of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) soo: An endangered medicinal orchid. J. Bot. 2014, Article ID 869167, 5 pages. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/869167.
Sharma, P. & Samant, S. S. Diversity, distribution and indigenous uses of medicinal plants in Parbati Valley of Kullu region in Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern Himalaya. Asian J. Adv. Basic Sci. 2, 77–98 (2014).
Singh, Lal, B., Singh, Todaria, & Ahuja. (2007). Species richness, distribution pattern and conservation status of higher plants in the Spiti cold desert of trans-Himalaya, India. Int. J. Biodivers. Sci. Manaeg. 3(4), 223–233.
Dhyani, P. et al. Genome-wide discovery of microsatellite markers and population genetic diversity inferences revealed high anthropogenic pressure on endemic populations of Trillium govanianum. Ind. Crops Prod. 154, 112698 (2020).
Petit, R. J., El Mousadik, A. & Pons, O. Identifying populations for conservation on the basis of genetic markers. Conserv. Biol. 12(4), 844–855 (1998).
Majeed, A., Singh, A. & Bhardwaj, P. Transcribing molecular and climatic data into conservation management for the Himalayan endangered species, Taxuscontorta (Griff.). Conserv. Genet. 22(1), 53–66 (2021).
Uniyal, S. K., Awasthi, A. & Rawat, G. S. Current statusand distribution of commercially exploited medicinal andaromatic plants in upper Gori valley, Kumaon Himalaya, Uttaranchal. Curr. Sci. 82, 1246–1250 (2002).
Gamfeldt, L. & Kallstrom, B. Increasing intraspecific diversity increases predictability in population survival in the face of perturbations. Oikos 116(4), 700–705. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2007.15382.x (2007).
Ellstrand, N. C. & Elam, D. R. Population genetic consequencesof small population size: Implications for plant conservation. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 24, 217–242 (1993).
Wani, I. A., Kumar, V., Verma, S., Tasleem Jan, A. & Rather, I. A. Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo: A critically endangered perennial orchid from the North-West Himalayas. Plants 9(12), 1644 (2020).
Wang, S. Q. Genetic diversity and population structure of the endangered species Paeoniadecomposita endemic to China and implications for its conservation. BMC Plant. Biol. 20(1), 1–14 (2020).
Tansley, S. A. & Brown, C. R. RAPD variation in the rare and endangered Leucadendronelimense (Proteaceae): implications for their conservation. Biol. Conserv. 95, 39–48 (2000).
Nybom, H. Comparison of different nuclear DNA markers for estimating intraspecific genetic diversity in plants. Mol. Ecol. 13, 1143–1155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02141.x (2004).
Spielman, D., Brook, B. W. & Frankham, R. Most species are not driven to extinction before genetic factors impact them. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101(42), 15261–15264 (2004).
Grant, V. The evolutionary process: a critical study of evolutionary theory. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. 17, 65–98 (1986).
Nag, A., Ahuja, P. S. & Sharma, R. K. Genetic diversity of high-elevation populations of an endangered medicinal plant. AoB Plants 7, 15 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plu076
Doyle, J. J. & Doyle, J. L. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12(13), 39–40 (1990).
Peakall, R. O. D. & Smouse, P. E. GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Populationgenetic software for teaching and research. Mol. Ecol. Notes 6(1), 288–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.x (2006).
Yeh, F.C., Yang, R.C. & Boyle, T. POPGENE Software Package Version 1.31 forPopulation Genetic Analysis. University of Alberta, Alberta City, AB, Canada (1999).
Excoffier, L. & Lischer, H. E. L. Arlequin suite ver 3.5: A new series of programs toperform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 10, 564–567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x (2010).
Glaubitz, J. C. CONVERT: a user-friendly program to reformat diploid genotypicdata for commonly used population genetic software packages. Mol. Ecol. Notes 4, 309–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00597.x (2004).
Perrier, X., Flori, A. & Bonnot, F. Data analysis methods. In Genetic Diversity of Cultivated Tropical Plants (eds Hamon, P. et al.) 43–76 (Science Publishers, 2003).
Pritchard, J. K., Wen, W. & Falush, D. Documentation for STRUCTURE software: Version 2 (2003).
Evanno, G., Regnaut, S. & Goudet, J. Detecting the number of clusters of individualsusing the software STRUCTURE: A simulation study. Mol. Ecol. 14(8), 2611–2620. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x (2005).
Ellstrand, N. C. & Elam, D. R. Population genetic consequences of small population size: implications forplant conservation. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 24, 217–242 (1993).
Ouborg, N. J., Pertoldi, C., Loeschcke, V., Bijlsma, R. K. & Hedrick, P. W. Conservation genetics in transition to conservation genomics. Trends Genet. 26, 177–187 (2010).
Frankham, R., Bradshaw, C. J. & Brook, B. W. Genetics in conservation management: Revised recommendations for the 50/500 rules, Red List criteria and population viability analyses. Biol. Conserv. 170, 56–63 (2014).
Yun, S. A. & Kim, S. C. Genetic diversity and structure of Saussurea polylepis (Asteraceae) on continental islands of Korea: Implications for conservation strategies and management. PLoS ONE 16(4), e0249752 (2021).
Daco, L., Maurice, T., Muller, S., Rossa, J. & Colling, G. Genetic status of the endangered plant species Gladiolus palustris in the western part of its distribution area. Conserv. Genet. 20(6), 1339–1354 (2019).
