Supply Chain Council of European Union | Scceu.org
Distribution

Africa-wide meta-analysis on the prevalence and distribution of human cystic echinococcosis and canine Echinococcus granulosus infections | Parasites & Vectors

  • Nakao M, Lavikainen A, Yanagida T, Ito A. Phylogenetic systematics of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Int J Parasitol. 2013;43:1017–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.06.002.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Romig T, Ebi D, Wassermann M. Taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of E. granulosus sensu lato. Vet Parasitol. 2015;213:76–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.07.035.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Budke C, Deplazes P, Torgerson PR. Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:296–303. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1202.050499.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Alvares Rojas CA, Romig T, Lightowlers MW. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes infecting humans—review of current knowledge. Int J Parasitol. 2014;44:9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.08.008.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • World Health Organisation. The control of neglected zoonotic diseases: Community based interventions for NZDs prevention and control. Report of the third conference; 23–24 November 2010. Geneva: WHO Headquarters; 2011. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241502528_eng.pdf. Accessed 14 Mar 2014.

  • Craig PS, Budke CM, Schantz PM, Li T, Qiu J, Yang Y, et al. Human echinococcosis: a neglected disease? Trop Med Health. 2007;35:283–92. https://doi.org/10.2149/tmh.35.283.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Moro P, Schantz PM. Echinococcosis: a review. Intern J Infect Dis. 2008;13:125–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.03.037.

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Thompson RC. The taxonomy, phylogeny and transmission of Echinococcus. Exp Parasitol. 2008;119:439–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2008.04.016.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • World Health Organization. WHO estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases: foodborne disease burden epidemiology reference group, 2007–2015. World Health Organization; 2015. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/199350. Accessed 18 Sept 2020.

  • Eckert J, Deplazes P. Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004;17:107–35. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.17.1.107-135.2004.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Torgerson PR, Macpherson CNI, Vuitton DA. Cystic echinococcosis. In: Palmer SR, Soulsby L, Torgerson PR, Brown DWG, editors. Oxford textbook of zoonoses: biology, clinical practice, and public health control. Oxford: OUP; 2011. p. 650–68.


    Google Scholar
     

  • Wahlers K, Menezes CN, Wong M, Mogoye B, Frean J, Romig T, et al. Human cystic echinococcosis in South Africa. Acta Trop. 2011;120:179–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.08.006.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Moro P, Schantz PM. Cystic echinococcosis in the Americas. Parasitol Int. 2006;55:S181–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.048.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sadjjadi SM, Mikaeili F, Karamian M, Maraghi S, Sadjjadi FS, Shariat-Torbaghan S. Evidence that the Echinococcus granulosus G6 genotype has an affinity for the brain in humans. Int J Parasitol. 2013;43:875–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.06.008.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ammann RW, Eckert J. Cestodes: Echinococcus. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 1996;25:655–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-8553(05)70268-5.

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Munn Z, Moola S, Lisy K, Riitano D, Tufanaru C. Methodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence and cumulative incidence data. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015;13:147–53. https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000054.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Karshima SN, Ahmed MI, Kogi CA, Iliya PS. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection rates in questing and host-attached ticks: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop. 2022;228:106299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106299.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hedges LV, Vevea JL. Fixed- and random-effects models in meta-analysis. Psychol Methods. 1998;13:486–504.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557–60. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Egger M, Davey SG, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629–34. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Duval S, Tweedie R. Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics. 2000;56:455–63.

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gao L, Zhang L, Jin Q. Meta-analysis: prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis among MSM in China. Sex Transm Infect. 2009;85:354–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2008.034702.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Shafiei R, Teshnizi SH, Kalantar K, Gholami M, Mirzaee G, Mirzaee F. The seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. J Parasitol Res. 2016;2016:1425147. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1425147.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Andrabi A, Tak H, Lone BA, Para BA. Seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in South Kashmir, India. Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2020;11:e00172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00172.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dorjsuren T, Ganzorig S, Dagvasumberel M, Tsend-Ayush A, Ganbold C, Ganbat M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis in rural areas, Mongolia. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0235399. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023539.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yan S, Wang D, Zhang J, Mo X, Feng Y, Duan L, et al. Epidemiological survey of human echinococcosis in east Gansu, China. Sci Rep. 2021;11:6373. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85843-w.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Cohen H, Paolillo E, Bonifacino R, Botta B, Parada L, Cabrera P, et al. Human cystic echinococcosis in a Uruguayan community: a sonographic, serologic, and epidemiologic study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;59:620–7. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.620.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bingham GM, Budke CM, Larrieu E, Del Carpio M, Mujica G, Slater MR, et al. A community-based study to examine the epidemiology of human cystic echinococcosis in Rio Negro Province, Argentina. Acta Trop. 2014;136:81–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.005.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Uchiumi L, Mujica G, Araya D, Salvitti JC, Sobrino M, Moguillansky S, et al. Prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in the towns of Ñorquinco and Ramos Mexia in Rio Negro Province, Argentina, and direct risk factors for infection. Parasites Vectors. 2021;14:262. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04753-y.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Manciulli T, Serraino R, D’Alessandro GL, Cattaneo L, Mariconti M, Vola A, et al. Evidence of low prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in the Catanzaro Province, Calabria Region, Italy. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103:1951–4. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0119.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Antolová D, Halánová M, Janičko M, Jarčuška P, Reiterová K, Jarošová J, et al. A community-based study to estimate the seroprevalence of trichinellosis and echinococcosis in the Roma and Non-Roma population of Slovakia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020251.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Romig T, Omer RA, Zeyhle E, Huttner M, Dinkel A, Siefert L, et al. Echinococcosis in sub-Saharan Africa: emerging complexity. Vet Parasitol. 2011;181:43–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.04.022.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Romig T, Deplazes P, Jenkins D, Giraudoux P, Massolo A, Craig PS, et al. Ecology and life cycle patterns of Echinococcus species. Adv Parasitol. 2017;95:213–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2016.11.002.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wahlers K, Menezes CN, Wong ML, Zeyhle E, Ahmed ME, Ocaido M, et al. Cystic echinococcosis in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12:871–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(12)70155-x.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yuan R, Wu H, Zeng H, Liu P, Xu Q, Gao L, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for cystic echinococcosis among herding families in five provinces in western China: a cross-sectional study. Oncotarget. 2017;8:91568–76. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.21229.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Khalkhali HR, Foroutan M, Khademvatan S, Majidiani H, Aryamand S, Khezri P, et al. Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Helminthol. 2018;92:260–8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X17000463.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gao CH, Wang JY, Shi F, Steverding D, Wang X, Yang Y, et al. Field evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis. Parasites Vectors. 2018;11:311. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2896-3.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Barnes TS, Deplazes P, Gottstein B, Jenkins DJ, Mathis A, Siles-Lucas M, et al. Challenges for diagnosis and control of cystic hydatid disease. Acta Trop. 2012;123:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.02.066.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Acosta-Jamett G, Hernández FA, Castro N, Tamarozzi F, Uchiumi L, Salvitti JC, et al. Prevalence rate and risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis: a cross-sectional, community-based, abdominal ultrasound study in rural and urban north-central Chile. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16:e0010280. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010280.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mehrabani D, Oryan A, Sadjjadi SM. Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infection in stray dogs and herbivores in Shiraz. Iran Vet Parasitol. 1999;86:217–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(99)00151-x.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Eslami A, Hosseini SH. Echinococcus granulosus infection of farm dogs of Iran. Parasitol Res. 1998;84:205–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004360050383.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Maleky F, Moradkhan M. Echinococcosis in the stray dogs of Tehran. Iran Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2000;94:329–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.2000.11813547.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gong Q-L, Ge G-Y, Wang Q, Tian T, Liu F, Diao N-C, et al. Meta-analysis of the prevalence of Echinococcus in dogs in China from 2010 to 2019. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15:e0009268. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009268.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Larrieu E, Costa MT, Cantoni G, Labanchi JL, Bigatti R, Aquino A, et al. Rate of infection and of reinfection by Echinococcus granulosus in rural dogs of the province of Rio Negro, Argentina. Vet Parasitol. 2000;87:281–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(99)00180-6.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hoffmann AN, Malgor R, Rue ML. Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) in urban stray dogs from Dom Pedrito in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Cienc Rural. 2001;31:843–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782001000500017.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Acosta-Jamett G, Weitzel T, Boufana B, Adones C, Bahamonde A, Abarca K, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for echinococcal infection in a rural area of northern Chile: a household-based cross-sectional study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8:e3090. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003090.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Flores V, Viozzi G, Garibotti G, Zacharias D, Debiaggi MF, Kabaradjian S. Echinococcosis and other parasitic infections in domestic dogs from urban areas of an Argentinean Patagonian city. Medicina. 2017;77:469–74.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jenkins DJ, McKinlay A, Duolong HE, Bradshaw H, Craig PS. Detection of Echinococcus granulosus coproantigens in faeces from naturally infected rural domestic dogs in south eastern Australia. Aust Vet J. 2006;84:12–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.tb13116.x.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jenkins DJ, Lievaart JJ, Boufana B, Lett WS, Bradshaw H, Armua-Fernandez MT. Echinococcus granulosus and other intestinal helminths: current status of prevalence and management in rural dogs of eastern Australia. Aust Vet J. 2014;92:292–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12218.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Harriott L, Gentle M, Traub R, Cobbold R, Soares MR. Geographical distribution and risk factors for Echinococcus granulosus infection in peri-urban wild dog populations. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2019;10:149–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.08.005.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • McNeill AT, Leung LK, Goullet MS, Gentle MN, Allen BL. Dingoes at the doorstep: Home range sizes and activity patterns of dingoes and other wild dogs around urban areas of North-Eastern Australia. Animals (Basel). 2016;6:48. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani6080048.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chaâbane-Banaoues R, Oudni-M’rad M, Cabaret J, M’rad S, Mezhoud H, Babba H. Infection of dogs with Echinococcus granulosus: causes and consequences in an hyperendemic area. Parasites Vectors. 2015;8:231. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0832-3.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Morel N, Lassabe G, Elola S, Bondad M, Herrera S, Marí C, et al. A monoclonal antibody-based copro-ELISA kit for canine echinococcosis to support the PAHO effort for hydatid disease control in South America. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7:e1967. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001967.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Omer RA, Daugschies A, Gawlowska S, Elnahas A, Kern P, Bashir S, et al. First detection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1) in dogs in central Sudan. Parasitol Res. 2018;117:1657–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5851-5.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mauti S, Traoré A, Crump L, Zinsstag J, Grimm F. First report of Echinococcus granulosus (genotype G6) in a dog in Bamako, Mali. Vet Parasitol. 2016;217:61–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.12.027.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mulinge E, Magambo J, Odongo D, Njenga S, Zeyhle E, Mbae C, et al. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus species in dogs from four regions of Kenya. Vet Parasitol. 2018;255:49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.03.029.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu CN, Xu YY, Cadavid-Restrepo AM, Lou ZZ, Yan HB, Li L, et al. Estimating the prevalence of Echinococcus in domestic dogs in highly endemic for echinococcosis. Infect Dis Pov. 2018;7:77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-018-0458-8.

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lötsch F, Mombo-Ngoma G, Mischlinger J, Groger M, Veletzky L, Adegnika AA, et al. Preliminary evidence for the absence of cystic echinococcosis in Gabon: a cross-sectional pilot survey in humans and definitive hosts. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018;99:97–101. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0955.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Assefa H, Mulate B, Nazir S, Alemayehu A. Cystic echinococcosis amongst small ruminants and humans in central Ethiopia. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2015;82:E1–7. https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v82i1.949.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fuller GK, Fuller DC. Hydatid disease in Ethiopia: clinical survey with some immunodiagnostic test results. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1981;30:645–52. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.645.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kebede N, Mitiku A, Tilahun G. Retrospective survey of human hydatidosis in Bahir Dar, north-western Ethiopia. East Mediterr Health J. 2010;16:937–41.

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Klungsøyr P, Courtright P, Hendrikson TH. Hydatid disease in the Hamar of Ethiopia: a public health problem for women. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1993;87:254–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(93)90114-6.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Macpherson CNL, Craig PS, Romig T, Zeyhle E, Watsghinger H. Observations on human echinococcosis (hydatidosis) and evaluation of transmission factors in the Maasai of northern Tanzania. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1989;83:489–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1989.11812377.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • French CM, Ingera WE. (1984) Hydatid disease in the Turkana District of Kenya. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1984;78:213–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1984.11811804.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kenny JV, Maccabe RJ. Sero-epidemiology of hydatid disease in the non-intervention area of north-east Turkana. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1993;87:451–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1993.11812795.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • MacPherson CN, Romig T, Zeyhle E, Rees PH, Were JB. Portable ultrasound scanner versus serology in screening for hydatid cysts in a nomadic population. Lancet. 1987;2:259–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90839-7.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Solomon N, Zeyhle E, Carter J, Wachira J, Mengiste A, Romig T, et al. Cystic echinococcosis in Turkana, Kenya: the role of cross-sectional screening surveys in assessing the prevalence of human infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;97:587–95. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0643.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Solomon N, Zeyhle E, Subramanian K, Fields PJ, Romig T, Kern P, et al. Cystic echinococcosis in Turkana, Kenya: 30 years of imaging in an endemic region. Acta Trop. 2018;178:182–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.11.006.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Noormahomed EV, Nhacupe N, Mascaró-Lazcano C, Mauaie MN, Buene T, Funzamo CA, et al. A cross-sectional serological study of cysticercosis, schistosomiasis, toxocariasis and echinococcosis in HIV-1 infected people in Beira, Mozambique. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8:e3121. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003121.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Stewart BT, Jacob J, Finn T, Lado M, Napoleon R, Brooker S, et al. Cystic echinococcosis in Mundari tribe-members of South Sudan. Pathog Glob Health. 2013;107:293–8. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047773213Y.0000000111.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Khan MB, Sonaimuthu P, Lau YL, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Mahmud R, Kavana N, et al. High seroprevalence of echinococossis, schistosomiasis and toxoplasmosis among the populations in Babati and Monduli districts, Tanzania. Parasites Vectors. 2014;7:505. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-014-0505-7.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Macpherson CNL, Spoerry A, Zeyhle E, Romig T, Gorfe M. Pastoralists and hydatid disease: an ultrasound scanning prevalence survey in East Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989;83:243–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(89)90664-0.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Botros BA, Moch RW, Barsoum IS, Mahmoud AH, Fahmi S, El-Leil MS. Echinococcosis in Egypt: IV. Serology on patients with chest problems. J Trop Med Hyg. 1975;78:231–5.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kandeel A, Ahmed ES, Helmy H, El Setouhy M, Craig PS, Ramzy RM. A retrospective hospital study of human cystic echinococcosis in Egypt. East Mediterr Health J. 2004;10:349–57.

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mazyad SA, Mahmoud LH, Hegazy MM. Echinococcus granulosus in stray dogs and Echino-IHAT in the hunters in Cairo, Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2007;37:523–32.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Aboudaya MA. Prevalence of human hydatidosis in Tripoli region of Libya. Int J Zoonotic. 1985;12:304–7.

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gebreel AO, Gilles HM, Prescott JE. Studies on the sero-epidemiology of endemic diseases in Libya. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1983;77:391–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1983.11811727.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Khan AH, Elsageyer MM, Kidwai SA. Sero-epidemiological study of human hydatid disease in Libya using finger prick blood samples. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1990;84:537–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1990.11812508.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mohamed RM, Abdel-Hafeez EH, Belal US, Norose K, Aosai F. Human cystic echinococcosis in the Nalut district of Western Libya: a clinico-epidemiological study. Trop Med Health. 2014;42:177–84. https://doi.org/10.2149/tmh.2014-16.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Shambesh MKL, Macpherson CN, Beesley WN, Gusbi A, Elsonosi T. Prevalence of human hydatid disease in northwestern Libya: a cross-sectional ultrasound study. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1992;86:381–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1992.11812681.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Shambesh MK, Craig PS, Ibrahem MM, Gusbi AM, Echtuish EF. A high prevalence of cystic hydatid disease in North Africa. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1997;91:957–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034989760365.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Shambesh MA, Craig PS, Macpherson CN, Rogan MT, Gusbi AM, Echtuish EF. An extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in northern Libya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;60:462–8. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.462.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chebli H, Laamrani EL, Idrissi A, Benazzouz M, Lmimouni BE, Nhammi H, et al. Human cystic echinococcosis in Morocco: ultrasound screening in the Mid Atlas through an Italian-Moroccan partnership. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11:e0005384. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005384.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Macpherson CN, Kachani M, Lyagoubi M, Berrada M, Shepherd M, Fields PF, et al. Cystic echinococcosis in the Berber of the Mid Atlas mountains, Morocco: new insights into the natural history of the disease in humans. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2004;98:481–90. https://doi.org/10.1179/000349804225021343.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ahmed ME, Abdalla SS, Adam IA, Grobusch MP, Aradaib IE. Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis and associated risk factors among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. Intern Health. 2021;13:327–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaa059.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Elmahdi IE, Ali QM, Magzoub MM, Ibrahim AM, Saad MB, Romig T. Cystic echinococcosis of livestock and humans in central Sudan. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2004;98:473–9. https://doi.org/10.1179/000349804225003578.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bchir A, Hamdi A, Jemni L, Dazza MC, Allegue M, Braham MS, et al. Serological screening for hydatidosis in households of surgical cases in central Tunisia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1988;82:271–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1988.11812243.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bchir A, Larouze B, Soltani M, Hamdi A, Bouhaouala B, Ducic S, et al. Echotomographic and serological population-based study of hydatidosis in central Tunisia. Acta Trop. 1991;49:149–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-706x(91)90062-o.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jomaa SB, Salem NJ, Hmila I, Saadi S, Aissaoui A, Belhadj M, et al. Sudden death and hydatid cyst: a medicolegal study. Legal Med. 2019;40:17–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.07.001.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Khelil MB, Allouche M, Banasr A, Gloulou F, Benzarti A, Zhioua M, et al. Sudden death due to hydatid disease: a six-year study in the Northern Part of Tunisia. J Forensic Sci. 2013;58:1163–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12172.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • M’rad S, Chaâbane-Banaoues R, Ghrab M, Babba H, Oudni-M’rad M. Human and animal cystic echinococcosis in Tataouine governorate: hypoendemic area in a hyperendemic country, myth or reality? Parasites Vectors. 2021;2021:216.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mlika N, Larouze B, Dridi M, Yang R, Gharbi S, Jemmali M, et al. Serologic survey of human hydatid disease in high risk populations from central Tunisia. Preliminary results. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1984;33:1182–4. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.1182.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mlika N, Larouzé B, Gaudebout C, Braham B, Allegue M, Dazza MC, et al. Echotomographic and serologic screening for hydatidosis in a Tunisian village. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1986;35:815–7. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1986.35.815.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dada BJO. Taeniasis, cysticercosis and echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Nigeria: I—prevalence of human taeniasis, cysticercosis and hydatidosis based on a retrospective analysis of hospital records. J Helminthol. 1980;54:281–6. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00006775.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sixl W, Rosegger H, Schneeweiss H, Withalm H, Schuhmann G. Serological investigations in Nigeria for anthropozoonoses in human sera: brucellosis, echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis, chlamydial diseases, listeriosis, rickettsiosis (Coxiella burneti and Rickettsia conori). J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1987;31:493–5.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kebede W, Hagos A, Girma Z, Lobago F. Echinococcosis/hydatidosis: its prevalence, economic and public health significance in Tigray region, North Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2009;41:865–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-008-9264-9.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Koskei P, Janitschke K, Feseha G. Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in some selected sites of Ethiopia. East Afr J Public Health. 2011;8:170–5.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mersie A. Survey of echinococcosis in eastern Ethiopia. Vet Parasitol. 1993;47:161–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(93)90187-r.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Buishi I, Njoroge E, Zeyhle E, Rogan MT, Craig PS. Canine echinococcosis in Turkana (north-western Kenya): a coproantigen survey in the previous hydatid-control area and an analysis of risk factors. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2006;100:601–10. https://doi.org/10.1179/136485906X118503.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jenkins DJ, Gasser RB, Zeyhle E, Romig T, Macpherson CN. Assessment of a serological test for the detection of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs in Kenya. Acta Trop. 1990;47:245–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-706x(90)90016-s.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Macpherson CN, French CM, Stevenson P, Karstad L, Arundel JH. Hydatid disease in the Turkana District of Kenya, IV. The prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infections in dogs, and observations on the role of the dog in the lifestyle of the Turkana. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1985;79:51–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1985.11811888.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wachira TM, Sattran M, Zeyhle E, Njenga MK. Intestinal helminths of public health importance in dogs in Nairobi. East Afr Med J. 1993;70:617–9.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Inangolet FO, Biffa D, Opuda-Asibo J, Oloya J, Skjerve E. Distribution and intensity of Echinococcus granulosus infections in dogs in Moroto District, Uganda. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2010;42:1451–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9574-6.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Oba P, Ejobi F, Omadang L, Chamai M, Okwi AL, Othieno E, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs in Moroto and Bukedea districts in Uganda. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2016;48:249–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-015-0943-z.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nonaka N, Nakamura S, Inoue T, Oku Y, Katakura K, Matsumoto J, et al. Coprological survey of alimentary tract parasites in dogs from Zambia and evaluation of a coproantigen assay for canine echinococcosis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2011;105:521–30. https://doi.org/10.1179/atm.2011.105.7.07.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kohil K, Benchikh El Fegoun MC, Gharbi M. Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus taeniasis in stray dogs in the region of Constantine (North-East Algeria). Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2017;110:224–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-017-0571-4.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Awan MA, Gusbi AM, Beesley WN. Echinococcosis in Libya. III. Further studies on the prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1990;84:473–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1990.11812497.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ben Musa NA, Sadek GS. Prevalence of echinococcosis in street dogs in Tripole District, Libya. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2007;37:793–800.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Buishi IE, Njoroge EM, Bouamra O, Craig PS. Canine echinococcosis in northwest Libya: assessment of coproantigen ELISA, and a survey of infection with analysis of risk-factors. Vet Parasitol. 2005;130:223–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.03.004.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gusbi AM. Echinococcosis in Libya. I. Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs with particular reference to the role of the dog in Libyan society. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1987;81:29–34.

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Packer DE, Ali TM. Echinococcus granulosus in dogs in Libya. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1986;80:137–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1986.11811995.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Amarir FE, Saadi A, Marcotty T, Rhalem A, Oukessou M, Sahibi H, et al. Cystic echinococcosis in three locations in the Middle Atlas, Morocco: estimation of the infection rate in the dog reservoir. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2020;20:436–43. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2019.2538.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dakkak A, El Berbri I, Petavy AF, Boue F, Bouslikhane M, Fassi Fihri O, et al. Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs in Sidi Kacem Province (North West Morocco). Acta Trop. 2017;165:26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.07.007.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pandey VS, Dakkak A, Elmamoune M. Parasites of stray dogs in the Rabat region, Morocco. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1987;81:53–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1987.11812090.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pandey VS, Ouhelli H, Moumen A. Epidemiology of hydatidosis/echinococcosis in Ouarzazate, the pre-Saharian region of Morocco. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1988;82:461–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1988.11812277.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Saad MB, Magzoub M. Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs in Tambool, Sudan. J Helminthol. 1986;60:299–300. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x0000852x.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bchir A, Jaiem A, Jemmali M, Rousset JJ, Gaudebout C, Larouze B. Possible existence of an urban cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in central Tunisia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81:650. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(87)90441-x.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Iraqi W. Canine echinococcosis: the predominance of immature eggs in adult tapeworms of Echinococcus granulosus in stray dogs from Tunisia. J Helminthol. 2017;91:380–3. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X16000341.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lahmar S, Kilani M, Torgerson PR. Frequency distributions of Echinococcus granulosus and other helminths in stray dogs in Tunisia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2001;95:69–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034980020035933.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lahmar S, Sarciron ME, Rouiss M, Mensi M. Echinococcus granulosus and other intestinal helminths in semi-stray dogs in Tunisia: infection and re-infection rates. Tunis Med. 2008;86:657–64.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lahmar S, Boufana BS, Lahmar S, Inoubli S, Guadraoui M, Dhibi M, et al. Echinococcus in the wild carnivores and stray dogs of northern Tunisia: the results of a pilot survey. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2009;103:323–31. https://doi.org/10.1179/136485909X440836.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Verster A. Gastro-intestinal helminths of domestic dogs in the Republic of South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1979;46:79–82.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Adediran OA, Kolapo TU, Uwalaka EC. Echinococcus granulosus prevalence in dogs in southwest Nigeria. J Parasitol Res. 2014;2014:124358. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/124358.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Arene FO. Prevalence of toxocariasis and echinococcosis among dogs in the Niger Delta. J Trop Med Hyg. 1984;87:207–9.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Awosanya EJ, Ligali Z, Duedu KO, Peruzzu A, Masala G, Bonelli P. Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in owned dogs in Lagos State, Nigeria. Vet Sci. 2021;8:101. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8060101.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dada BJ, Adegboye DS, Mohammed AN. A survey of gastro intestinal helminth parasites of stray dogs in Zaria, Nigeria. Vet Rec. 1979;104:145–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104.7.145.

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dada BJO. Taeniasis, cysticercosis and echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Nigeria: IV—prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infection in stray dogs. J Helminlhol. 1980;54:299–301.

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Karshima SN, Bata SI, Bot C, Kujul NB, Paman ND, Obalisa A, et al. Prevalence, seasonal and geographical distribution of parasitic diseases in dogs in Plateau State Nigeria: a 30-year retrospective study (1986–2015). J Parasit Dis. 2020;44:511–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01219-3.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Okolo MI. Prevalence and public health implications of Echinococcus granulosus in rural dogs in eastern Nigeria. Int J Zoonotic. 1986;13:19–24.

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ugochukwu EI, Ejimadu KN. Studies on the prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths of dogs in Calabar, Nigeria. Int J Zoonotic. 1985;12:214–8.

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Related posts

    Covid deals under the microscope

    scceu

    Even Japan's 'star student' bean sprouts feel inflation pinch – Nikkei Asia

    scceu

    15 indicted for meth distribution

    scceu